The world of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is large and multifaceted, including various manufacturing strategies, materials, and applications. Printed circuit board assembly (PCA) is a vital process in the electronics industry that entails assembling electronic elements onto a PCB to develop practical electronic devices. At the core of PCB manufacturing https://elearnportal.science/wiki/Innovative_PCB_Manufacturing_Techniques_for_Modern_Engineering_Challenges